In the tightly controlled Lodz Ghetto, Jews had to keep up their spirits by maintaining cultural activities and finding ways to keep hope alive. While this was immensely challenging, the strong will and determination of core elements within different political and cultural groups, managed to keep it going. Clandestine schooling, secret musical performances, listening to news on illegal radios are just some examples of how the Jews defied the Nazis. These activities, collectively referred to as passive resistance, helped keep the spirits of the populace up, when there was little opportunity to get hold of guns and wage a more active resistance to the Nazi oppression. Some survivors talk about acts of sabotage in the factories, which had to be relatively small to avoid detection and punishment, but nonetheless each of these acts served to lift the spirits of the incarcerated Jewish slave labourers.